Improvement in steam generators



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LEWIS FAGIN, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 63,375, dated April 2, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM GENERATORS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONGERN:

Be it known that I, LEWIS FAGIN, of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton, and State of Ohio, have made a new and useful Improvement in Steam Generators; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the nature, construction, and operation of the same, suilcient to enable one skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to construct and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which are made part of this specification, and in which-V Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line 1.6, Iig. 2.

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section on the line e CZ, tig. 1.

The same letters refer to like parts in the diicrent figures.

This invention consists of a series of horizontal. cylinders or tubular boilers, one under the other, connected by tubular necks, as shown in the drawingsy and With the furnace and flue spaces so arranged as to make separate and independent lues between each tier ci' boilers or tubes, and with transverse connecting tubes, so that the heated air shall pass from the tire-bed under the upper tier, descending at the after ond, and passing back and forward under and between cach successive tier of boilers or tubes until the-heat is so far exhausted or absorbed as to render any further application of it useless. l

In" this arrangement of boilers the upper tier should not be kept more than half full of water, whereas the lower tiers are of necessity entirely full, the water being supplied at the lowestl point. It is obvious that in whatever shape or position boilers are made or placed, if set on a level with each other, and connected with tubes or pipes, thc pressure and temperature Within the whole is, as near as may be, the same, the head of water being the only difference against the lower tiers. This arises from the fact that the circulation of walter in boilers set on a level with each other is so complete that a uniform temperature as well as pressure is maintained, It does not, however, follow that because the temperature and pressure are alike, in boilers set on a level with each other in the ordinary way, that it will be the same in boilers set'one under the other, but, on the contrary, that while the pressure in the under boilers is the same, or slightly greater, (owing to the pressure ofthe column of water in them,) thc temperature Within them will be in proportion to the heat applied on the outer surface, and no greater; and as the heat is constantly diminishing from tho grate bars to the stack, the temperature within the lower boiler is lower, and lower from one tier of boilersl or tubes to another, adapting them to take up or absorb heat from the passing body of air in thc lues, which has an ever-diminishing temperature, until, as nearly as possible, all the heat that is of value is taken up. Vhenexpanded by increase of temperature the heated water or globules of steam rise and pass from boiler to boiler, increasing in temperature according to the heat applied, until they reach the surface, and the steam there generated or escaping from tho water adds to the common mass of steam in the upper boilers, where the most intense heat is applied. Itis certain that no boiler, however arranged, can take up heat of a lower temperature than what is necessary to maintain the required pressure and consequent temperature within; hence the necessity of arranging boilers on a plan so that the constantly diminishing temperature of heated air can be taken up cr'absorbed as it passes from under one boiler to another.

In the drawings, A A are cylindrical boilers, connected underneath by necks to the cross-pipes D. B B I3 B are cylindrical boilers, also horizontally placed, and in a descending series, alternately supported by the front and by the rear walls of the furnace, so as to make a zigzag course, GII IJK, for the heated volatile products of combustion which pass towards the chimney L. The serios of boilers are connected by vertical tubular necks, cec, tc., which may be as numerous as required. I have shown four in the length of the boilers, and the heated water in each may rise vertically through the boilers and successive necks into the cross-pipe D, and eventually into the upper boilers. The feed Water is received by the pipe M, which is at the coldest part of the boiler and of the furnace. The tendency oi' the water is gradually upward until it reaches the boilers A from whence it is used. E is the furnace, and F the aslrpit, N the front wall under the lire-bridge, and O the back wall. l

I do not claim the diving and reverbcrating llue's in connect-ion with the furnace under the upper portion of' the boiler, nor do I claim broady the arrangement of boilersin tiers one above anothergvbut what I claim, is-

The arrangement ci' either cylinder or tubular boilers one under the other, with the flue spaces between them arranged vso that heated air shall pass under and between cach successive tier, alternately from the upper: to the lower, the tubes or boilers being connected by vertical necks and transverse. tubes, D, as described, and for the purpose sot forth.

y LEWIS FAGIN.

Witnesses:

J. BiuTnoLoMnw, .HENRY HILL. 

